The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 1987 Words

Although there are many intriguing pieces of literary in American History, two of the most influential novels are Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. Almost ironically, the main characters of both of these novels are shockingly similar. Since these pieces have been published there has been a lot of discussion about how the two novels are related even though they were written in two completely different time periods. Very famous writers crafted these two novels. J.D. Salinger and Mark Twain are icons in American Literature. With the similarities and differences in narrative style, the novels Catcher in the Rye and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn have spoken to the readers about the author’s views on society, their state of mind, and how the narrative style offers social criticism. Although these authors may have created Huck and Holden, they turned out to be something unimaginable for fictional characters. The language that Holden uses is definitely not the most censored but it creates an ambiance when reading about his endeavors. Many have observed, â€Å"Holden’s twentieth-century prep-school vernacular, despite its automatic and somehow innocent obscenities and its hackneyed coinages, also manages to communicate ideas and feeling of quite a complex sort within its sharply delimited boundaries.† (Kaplan 1) This quote is depicting the fact that Holden is indeed well educated, but talks with a lot of slang. It also is sayingShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opposed, a nd those who promoted slavery.Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novelRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to s ay just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the story

Review Of Chlamydophila Pneumoniae s Theory After...

Introduction Chlamydophila pneumoniae was first proposed to be associated with atherosclerosis in 1988 by Saikku et al [1]. Similar cardiovascular disease studies have also proposed Saikku’s theory after detecting the presence of C. pneumoniae in atherosclerotic lesions of coronary and carotid arteries, which were not identifiable in healthy arteries [1]. Chlamydophila pneumoniae, previously recognized as Chlamydia pneumoniae, is a rod-shaped, gram negative bacteria that is known to cause infections associated with respiratory and cardiovascular cells. There are two developmental cycles of C. pneumoniae; each with a distinct function and form. They are the elementary body (EB) and reticulate body (RB). The elementary body is the infectious form of C. pneumoniae., which is unable to replicate and capable of only brief extracellular survival [5]. In contrast, the reticulate body is intracellularly replicative and exist as in a non-infectious state [5]. The composition and growth process of C hlamydophila pneumoniae, by binary division, allows for the obligate intracellular parasite to be classified as a bacterium. Chlamydophila pneumoniae incubation period is approximately 7-21 days when inside a host and divides every 2-3 hours [4]. Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is an inflammatory disease characterized by lipid accumulation along the arterial walls. During an immune response, leukocytes and lymphocytes target invading microorganisms,

Case Study of FX Market- Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Your are required to Write a report of Market FX Market. Answer: Introduction Foreign exchange market is a market place wherein various currencies of various countries are traded(Reitz, 2008). It is possible in this market to purchase, sell, exchange as well as speculate on each and every currency. There market consists of central banks, commercial companies, hedge funds, investment management firms, investors and retail forex brokers and so on being the largest market globally. Foreign exchange market also abbreviated as FX, provides for currency conversions for international trade and investment, with attractive characteristics so unique and attractive that various investors come in for optimizing their profits(Ang, 2010). The forex market is highly liquid due to the massive volume of trade as it covers large asset class globally. The scope of this report covers view regarding Australian dollars as against US dollars along with its outlook for a period for 3 to 6 months time. The currency values fluctuates against one another as there are interest rate diffe rences against Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) and Federal Reserve (Fed) will impact value of currencies in open market activities. Thus, taking such various aspects into consideration a strategy for dealing in these currencies in accordance to market view is developed(Shuguang, 2007). Market View Foreign exchange market being highly liquid in nature there are multiple types of currencies that are traded. Trading strategy for Australian Dollar against US Dollar is determined by prices of the currencies in the market(Chaboud, 2014). There is a presence of a large number of traders from all world over in the currency market and it is open all throughout the day and 5 days a week apart from weekends. Due to the regular functioning of this market, it offers more opportunities compared to others. In the forex market leveraging is done in order to trade a currency against another. Central banks and Reserve banks acts as primary regulators for market participants. Forex markets are governed by macro-environmental forces and policy decisions, which acts as prime determining forces for currency fluctuations over a long term period(Melvin, 2009). In the short time duration demand and supply forces of currencies aids determine currency prices along with various other forces. A trader generally adopts leveraging strategy for bidding by predicting for and against the currency market for generating returns for customers. In case a AUD is expected to go downside from USD, then the currency is depreciated to hedge against the other and prevent losses and sometime make profits as well. The better a trader is able to trade a currency against another, more research and predictions are required for the same(Mancini, 2013). For selecting a suitable strategy for a short time period minor determinants of the market needs to be considered as view of the currency and sentiments prevailing in the market. Through such predictions it is possible to take advantage of the market. However, there are various risks associated in this type of market as well as they are exposed to global economies and trades. the foreign exchange market is not dominated by a single currency rather involves global network of brokers as well as computers from world over(Wyplosz, 2007). Central ba nks plays a dominant role in altering currency rates through exchanges of the world in open market activities. These alteration of currency rates often are not deterred for purposes of making profits rather than for the purpose of policy making. Foreign exchange markets are extremely competitive in nature as there are a multiple participants hence in case of spot trading brokers often has to take instant predictive decisions for customers. Traders being market participants bid for various prices accordingly to make profits for their customers(Serban, 2010). Speculative Strategy Trading of currency of AUD against those of USD has an immense role in the currency market. AUD against USD is one of the most traded currency pair amongst other traded pairs in forex market(Sermpinis, 2013). Hence, the currency is extremely liquid as against USD. Reserve Bank of Australia and Federal Reserve (Fed) fixes currency rates by intervening in the market. Australia being an exporter of commodities with democratic stable government further provides a tradable currency also US has a stable government along with economic policies. Trading strategy for price makers point of view in these currencies needs to be based on the strength of currencies against one another(Neely, 2009). AUD is expected to be strong against that of USD in the next 3 to 6 months period, there are no views that can support of suggests of any depreciation. Both the countries Central Banks are bent on making the currency strong as Australia trades in commodities and USA exports software to major countries g lobally. A trader while devising trading strategy for intra-day transactions can take minute deviation in prices whereas in case of deliveries better strategies can be devised(Hodrick, 2014). In case AUD depreciates against USD then a trader can purchase more of USD and then sell on consecutive periods at higher rates. In case USD 1 is available for AUD 1.30 and it is expected that AUD will depreciate further, then a trader can purchase say for example USD 20,000 contract on a certain date. After a period of 3 to 6 months when price if rises to AUD 1.35 against USD 1 then trader can sell it to make profits. The AUD 0.05 spread will be used by trader for bid-offer and increase in the bid will help trader make more profits for consumers. In case the reverse happens that USD 1 is available for AUD 1.25 then the trader will have to inform consumer regarding losses. Then consumer can decide whether he wants to hold on to the currency or sell at a loss(Menkhoff, 2012). In case the trader sees negat ive sentiments prevailing in the market then he can gradually sell some parts of the exchange that he purchased part by part and purchase at a lower rate for making profits later. In this case, trader will adopt strategy for minimizing of losses. Risks are numerous in these types of transactions as large volumes of currencies are involved and goes towards making of a decision. In case of losses there might be high amounts of money of customer that can be lost, while in cases of profits there can be large volumes of monetary benefits. Thus, while taking a decision in the currency market an adequate number of information needs to be assimilated and then subsequent views regarding the same has to be taken such that losses of customers can be minimized. A bid offer is generally assumed when a trader is certain regarding the views in the market that confirms depreciation of a currency. At various instances volumes in a particular currency generated might reflect falsified data which migh t not at all yield any benefits at the end. Trader has to consider various alternatives with trends and patterns prevailing in the market to ascertain correct position for customers. Conclusion Analysis of foreign exchange market allows an understanding regarding the trends and patterns prevailing in the market for various currencies. Due to immense trades prevailing in the market it is possible to take bid and purchase various options to make profits or recover losses. As AUD is relatively a strong currency against USD traders take hedge option to make more profits expecting AUD to depreciate further. Traders who are able to make more judgments prevailing in the international situation can bid fairly a rate that is adjusted to few cents. Depending upon future and option contracts available in the market such positions are taken. Further, if a broker has information that due to trade gaps or deficits USD will depreciate then they will more preferably take an option for USD purchasing more of AUD. In case of spot trading it is relatively easier as compared to that of trading in derivatives as contracts generally expire within the day or in a short span of time in case of del iveries. Traders opts for deliveries in case they visualize that the currency will make more profits in the time to come and sentiments supporting are similar in nature. Risks associated with spot trading is primarily holding costs associated with deliveries of currencies which might include large amounts of funds. Other potential risks are those that are experienced in the market in case predictions or directions are diverted in a separate way. References Ang, A. . 2010. Yield curve predictors of foreign exchange returns. Chaboud, A. P. 2014. Rise of the machines: Algorithmic trading in the foreign exchange market. The Journal of Finance, 2045-2084. Hodrick, R. 2014. The empirical evidence on the efficiency of forward and futures foreign exchange markets (Vol. 24). Routledge. Mancini, L. R. 2013. Liquidity in the foreign exchange market: Measurement, commonality, and risk premiums. . The Journal of Finance, 1805-1841. Melvin, M. . 2009. The crisis in the foreign exchange market. . Journal of International Money and Finance, 1317-1330. Menkhoff, L. S. 2012. Carry trades and global foreign exchange volatility. . The Journal of Finance, 681-718. Neely, C. J. 2009. The adaptive markets hypothesis: evidence from the foreign exchange market. . Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 467-488. Reitz, S. . 2008. The coordination channel of foreign exchange intervention: a nonlinear microstructural analysis. European Economic Review, 55-76. Serban, A. F. 2010. Combining mean reversion and momentum trading strategies in foreign exchange markets. Journal of Banking Finance, 2720-2727. Sermpinis, G. T. 2013. Forecasting foreign exchange rates with adaptive neural networks using radial-basis functions and particle swarm optimization. . European Journal of Operational Research, 528-540. Shuguang, Z. . 2007. Economic effect of foreign exchange reserve continual accumulation [J]. . Economic Research Journal, 116-127. Wyplosz, C. 2007. The foreign exchange reserves buildup: business as usual? World, 2500, 3000.

The Model Work Health and Safety Act - Key Objectives

Question: What is the Model Work Health and Safety (WHS) Act? Answer: Work Health Safety Act - Key Objectives The Model Work Health and Safety (WHS) Act incorporates the norms and policies in context to the guidelines pertaining to work and health related issues subjected to the confinements of the Australian territory. The key intent of the WHS act related to the implementation of guidelines and protocols to ensure health and wellness of the people engaged in the execution of various assignments at their work place. The methodology devised following the guidelines of WHS act focuses on the potential risks related to various job assignments on the health and safety of individuals. The proactive strategic approaches formulated in accordance with the norms of the WHS act to mitigate the risks pertaining to various disease processes and traumatic conditions in context to the nature of jobs prevalent across the Australian regions. The key objects of the act related to analyzing the nature of various duties in terms of their standards, execution, accountability and rationale with respect to the operational systems and work environment (Sherriff Tooma, 2010:p.15-16). The provisions of the WHS act in Australia enacted to safeguard the health and security of workers in terms of ensuring implantation of secured systems and structures for the employees at workplace (Dollard et al, 2014:p.39). The guidelines of the act further emphasize the maintenance of healthcare facilities within the work premises to ascertain strategic management of health challenges and accidents faced by the employees of various companies and organizations. The WHS act indeed, motivates the employers to enforce democracy at the workplace with the provision of consultation services to the workers in context to their health, wellness and safety considerations (Ruschena et al, 2015:p.52). Indeed, the consultation services at workplace facilitate the back and forth dissemination of information between the employees and healthcare units to ascertain their physical and psychosomatic health and stability during the working hours. The WHS act further emphasizes the need for conducting regular healthcare campaigns and education programs to train the workers in context to their safety requirements and hygiene within the organizational confinements. The act in fact, establishes goals for acquiring health and safety while implementing higher standards of care and measures to eliminate the potential challenges and threats in context to the work practices. Hor (2012) states the WHS statue instructing the employers to maintain risk free and protective environment for their workers within the operational premises. However, the breach of these norms by employers holds them accountable under the jurisdiction of the WHS act. Obligations of Employers Employees The WHS act aims at acquiring best work health and safety practices by the Australian employers (Kearns, 2014:p.89). The objectives and duties of the employers following the norms of the act related to effective implementation of enforcements and compliance measures to ascertain consistent improvement in healthcare and safety standards of the workers. Wagen (2010:p.255) elaborates the provision of workers compensation insurance services to all employees under the provision of the WHS act. The employers are further responsible to implement secured operational systems within the work premises to ensure safety and wellness of all employees associated with the organization. The norms of the WHS act encourage the employers in proactively engaging themselves in the risk management processes within their operational confinements. However, the execution of these processes warrants strategic evaluation of the health risks and predisposing factors in context to the events of fire and other acc idents, by the employers. The identification of potential hazards and health risks including injurious substances, heavy weight products, electrical appliances and liquefied petroleum gas cylinders warrants their effective management by the employers to prevent the life threatening outcomes in context to the events of explosion and gaseous toxicity under inadvertent accidental circumstances. Furthermore, the norms of the model act direct the employers to obtain informed consent from the employees with respect to their shift schedule, and perform evaluation of the entire health risks incurred during the operational hours (Wagen Goonetilleke, 2012:p.175). However, the WHS act also directs the employees to remain conscious in context to the health issues encountered at the workplace (Archer et al, 2012:p.35). The employees are also obliged to ascertain that their moves or mistakes do not influence the health and wellness of their fellow colleagues. The workers also require ensuring regarding the level of competence attained following the healthcare training programs organized with the intent of proactively monitoring health and wellness of the employees within the operational premises. They must understand their accountability and duties with respect to practicing compliance and security measures to bypass predisposing factors related to the adverse outcomes from the unprecedented mishappenings and pathological conditions. The employees must also strategically participate in the health care programs organized to restore confidence among the staff for increasing their efficiency to withstand the inadvertent circumstances and challenging conditions at workplace. The workers of the Australian organizations require thorough understanding of the protocols of WHS and possess the right to undertake calculated decisions in context to the health and security challenges under accidental circumstances. The duties of the employees as defined by the WHS act also include reporting the adverse or serious adverse events, hazards or injuries to their immediate supervisors during working hours for their timely management. The WHS act allows the employees to notify the person conducting a business or undertaking in context to selecting health security representatives for addressing the health and security concerns on a regular basis. These health and security representatives lead the workgroup with the intent to disseminate awareness and education regarding the health and security issues arising during the operational schedule. The business owners indeed, require consulting these health and security representatives on a regular basis to address and resolve the concerns pertaining to security and health of the potential employees (Ruschena et al, 2015a:p.36). The workers of the organizations have the liberty to participate in health care campaigns and educational seminars while configuring workgroups for unanimously escalating their concerns regarding health and security matters at workplace. Intent of Consultation, Representation Participation The participation and protection protocol of the WHS act allows the formation of workgroups to facilitate the strategic execution of security and healthcare measures within the organizational premises. The provision to cease the unsafe work in accordance to the WHS act allows the health security representatives to gain access to the work premises and facilitate termination of operations only after careful monitoring of the potential security risks and life threatening hazards associated with the particular assignment at workplace (Sherriff Tooma, 2010a:p.85). The academic literature reveals the obligation of organizations in relation to following state and federal regulations to retain occupational safety and wellness among the employees (Hrtel Fujimoto, 2015:p.92). Indeed, the norms of the WHS act direct the stakeholders of the organizations to formulate and practice reasonable approaches to ascertain health, wellness and safety of the workers during the operational processing. The preliminary responsibility of the stakeholders relates to mitigation of risks associated with the nature of the workers job. The sources of the potential risk factors warrant thorough analysis by the stakeholders in devising proactive strategies to eliminate the probability and predisposition of workers toward the inadvertent incidences at the workplace. Furthermore, the stakeholders require ensuring the implementation of safety measures in context to avoiding accidents by operational substances at workplace. The stakeholders must emphasize the development of control strategies for challenging emergencies within the operational premises. Moreover, the stakeholders also require ascertaining the provision of training programs and educational seminars to develop skills and competence among employees warranted to tackle the untoward circumstances. The norms of the WHS act in context to the health and safety of workers emphasize the need for periodic consultation with the employees. The consultation procedure requires effective execution with the participation of all employees at workplace. The employees are provided with recurrent opportunities to share their perspectives related to health and safety concerns, and allowed to participate in the decision making process for devising protective measures in safeguarding health and wellness of the workforce within the operational confinement. The continuous consultation and participation by the employees ensures timely identification and subsequent elimination of the risk factors challenging the safety and health of the employees. Additionally, the consultation participation assists the organization to monitor the health and wellness outcomes of the workers in a timely fashion. Role of Human Resources The human resource department owes the responsibility to evaluate and analyze the concerns of the employees in context to their occupational safety and health (OSH) issues originating at the workplace. The professionals representing the human resource department require through understanding and evaluation of the health and security accountabilities of both employer and employees within the organizational premises. The human resource professionals need to conduct training programs and undertake individualized sessions to ascertain further value addition to the educational sessions conducted for the employees with the intent to implement health, security and wellness at workplace. The human resource professionals also require efficient monitoring of the workforce to ensure the strategic implementation of health and safety policies among the employees for retaining their health, wellness and safety. The role of the human resource professionals for the effective implementation of OHS includes, nourishing safe culture and flexible environment for enhancing psychosomatic health and wellness among the employees. The HR professionals also require implementing strategic administrative approaches to ensure timely escalation of the adverse events and mishappenings at workplace, for their effective management by the health care team. The restoration of psychological health and wellness among the employees warrants formulating periodic hiring and appraisal programs for the potential employees by the human resource professionals. The verification of credentials and executing appropriate background checks of the employees highly warranted by the HR professionals to ascertain authenticity of the hired employees with respect to their job profiles at the workplace. The human resource professionals must also evaluate the authenticity of the health, wellness and safety policies of the company in context to the state jurisdiction and standardized norms prevalent across the globe. The accountability of the HR professionals lies in effective implementation of procedures and protocols to ascertain reduction of predisposing factors in context to the accidents and disease conditions leading the employees to life threatening morbidities and disabling conditions. The wellness counselling rendered by the human resource professionals to the target employees assists them in retaining their occupational health and wellness, while avoiding the potential risks pertaining to accidents and diseases. The role of HR in relation to implementation of OHS and WHS at workplace related to their accountability in context to providing healthcare training to the employees while coordinating with other health professionals through various health and wellness campaigns in the organizational confinement. Moreover, the human resources professionals also assist in occupational health and safety matters by organizing periodic interaction sessions with both employer and employees to track and evaluate the debateable concerns pertaining to various health and safety risks for their earliest resolution. The WHS act facilitates consistent coordination with the labour hire agency (HRM) in proactively executing the obligations in context to the health and security of the associated employees. Indeed, the role of HRM includes imparting education and awareness regarding health and safety parameters among the newly hired employees prior to operational commencement. The HRM also accountable for materializing periodic safety audits, with the intent to evaluate potential risks to health and wellness of the employees at the workplace. Indeed, the HRM also undertakes the execution of support services in terms of assisting the employees under adverse circumstances pertaining to trauma or diseases within the operational confinement. References Archer, R, Borthwick, K, Travers, M Ruschena, L 2012, WHS: A Management Guide (3rd edn.), Cengage, Australia Dollard, M, Shimazu, A, Nordin, R, Brough, P Tuckey, M 2014, Psychosocial Factors at Work in the Asia Pacific, Springer, NY Hrtel, C Fujimoto, Y 2015, Human Resource Management, Pearson, Australia Hor, J 2012, Managing Workplace Behaviour: A Best Practice Guide, CCH, Australia Kearns, K 2014, The Big Picture (3rd edn.), Cengage, Australia Ruschena, L, Travers, M, Borthwick, K Archer, R 2015, WHS: A Management Guide (4th edn.), Cengage, Australia Ruschena, L, Travers, M, Borthwick, K Archer, R 2015a, WHS: A Management Guide (4th edn.), Cengage, Australia Sherriff, B Tooma, M 2010, Understanding the Model Work Health and Safety Act, CCH, Australia Sherriff, B Tooma, M 2010a, Understanding the Model Work Health and Safety Act, CCH, Australia Wagen, L 2010, Event Management (4th edn.), Pearson, Australia Wagen, L Goonetilleke, A 2012, Hospitality Management, Strategy and Operations (3rd edn.), Pearson, Australia

Feeding Frenzy Lab Essay Example

Feeding Frenzy Lab Essay We will use chemical reagents to test to determine the presence of macromolecules: Benedicts solution for sugar, Iodine for starch, Berets reagent for protein, and Sudan Ill for lipids. If we test buttermilk biscuits for starches, sugars, proteins and lipids then it will test positive for all. If we test potato chips for starches, sugars, proteins and lipids it will then test positive for lipids and starch. If we test peppers for starches, sugars, proteins and lipids then it will test positive for only sugar. If we test sardines for starches, sugars, proteins and lipids then it will only test positive for proteins and lipids. Our hypotheses is based on our knowledge of the four foods we are testing. When available we consulted nutritional provided on food label. The supplies we used are: Safety Goggles, Beakers, Hot Plate, Gloves, Benedicts Solution, a scale that measures grams, Test Tubes, Iodine, Measuring spoon, Test Tube rack, Beirut reagent, Kara Syrup (glucose), Test Tube Rack, Sudan Ill reagent, Laundry Starch, Eye Dropper, Brown Paper Bag, Egg Whites, Glass Stirring Rod, Fork, knife, spoon, Vegetable Oil, Distilled Water, Plastic Cups, Blender, Mortar and pestle, graduated cylinder, deuterium biscuits, potato chips, hot peppers and sardines. Http://www. Stephenson. Coherence/classes/biology/units ) Prefab Brainstorm what foods you want to test and for what macromolecules you AR e testing. 2. Complete the 15 Questions for Investigation. 3. Decide who is going to bring what foods. Hint: lighter color foods yield more a accurate results. ABA 1 . Create positive and negative test controls for each mac romolecule test. A. Lipids Positive Controlling a test tube 4/5 full with vegetable Oil. Pour 10 drops of Sudan Ill into the test tube with the vegetable oil. We will write a custom essay sample on Feeding Frenzy Lab specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Feeding Frenzy Lab specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Feeding Frenzy Lab specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Label the test tube as p costive control lipids using masking tape and place in the test tube rack. Negative Controlling a test tube 4/5 full with distilled water. Pour 10 drops of Sudan Ill into the test tube with the water. Label the test tube as en active control lipids using masking tape and place in the test tube rack. A. Sugar Positive Controlling 1 Go of Kara Syrup with mill of distilled water in a beaker. Fill a test tube 4/5 with the solution. Pour 10 drops of Benedicts Soul Zion into the test tube. Clean the beaker. Fill the beaker full of water. Place the beaker full of water on a to plate and turn the hotplate on high. Place the test tube in the beaker full of water and boil for 5 minutes. Label the test tube as positive control sugar using masking TA pee and place in the test tube rack. Negative Controlling a test tube 4/5 full Of distilled Water. Pour 10 drops of Benedicts Solution into the test tube. Fill a beaker full of water. Place the b eager full of water on a hot plate and turn the hotplate on high. Place the test tube in the beaker full of water and boil for 5 minutes. Label the test tube as negative control gaff u sing masking tape and place in the test tube rack. . Protein Positive Controlling leg of eightieth powder (or albumen) with mill of distilled water in a beaker using a glass stirring rod until all of the powder is did solved. Pour the solution into a beaker until the beaker is 4/5 full. Pour 10 drops of Beirut reagent into the test tube with the solution. Label the test tube as positive control protein SSI Eng masking tape and place in the test tube rack. Negative Control Fill a test tube 4/5 full with distilled water. Pour 10 drops of Beirut reagent into the test tube with the water. Label the test tube as negative intro protein using masking tape and place in the test tube rack. A. Starch Positive Controlling 1 g of corn starch with mill of distilled water in a beaker using a glass stirring rod until all of the powder is dissolved. Pour the solution into a beaker until the beaker is 4/5 full. Pour 10 drops of iodine reagent into the t est. tube with the solution. Label the test tube as positive control starch using masking tape an d place in the test tube rack. Drops of iodine reagent into the test tube with the water. Label the test tube control starch using masking tape and place in the test tube rack. . Make the foods you are testing into a solution. A. This can be done With a mortar and pistil or a blender. Place your crunched u p food into a beaker. Add water to your food in the beaker to make it into a solution. Filter the chunks out by pouring the solution through a screen and/ or cheesecloth into another beaker. 2. Pour the food solution into as many test tubes as the number of tests you are performing. For example, if you are testing for starch, sugar, protein, and lip ads you will need four test tubes. Label each test tube with the food that is being tests and the macromolecule you are testing for using masking tape. 3. Place 10 drops of the appropriate reagent in the appropriate test tube. A. Sugar Benedicts Solution must be heated with food in order to produce a result b. Starch Iodine c. Protein Beirut reagent d. Lipid Sudan Ill reagent 4. Compare your results to the positive and negative test controls. 5. Record your data in a data table 6. Complete a lab report by following the lab report template. All sections are re quirked except calculations. 7. Type up your lab report using Google docs and invite all interested parties. . Post your lab report on your unit 2 weeping. The trial calls for multiple tests and multiple tests should be done to get the b est. results. The independent variable is food type, while sugar, lipids, protein, starch are t he dependent variable. The control variable and what must be kept constant is the + starch, + protein, + Lipid, + sugar. In a way thats the control trial and what you compare results to . Your suppose to test for + starch, + protein, + Lipid, + sugar and see if your food is positive n active starch, protein, lipid, and sugar. Data and Calculations Observations During this experiment we observed how the color of our food distillations changed with the different solutions. Each solution reacts differently. For example, when testing for the pepper for starch, iodine was added, and when the solution turned dark and cloudy, compared to the control it was obviously a protein positive.

5 Strategies to Prepare for the ISEE and SSAT

5 Strategies to Prepare for the ISEE and SSAT If you are thinking of applying to a private school in the fall, its never too early to get started addressing items on the admissions checklist.  For example, in addition to beginning work on the application and the candidate’s and parents’ statements, the applicant can study for the ISEE or SSAT, which are the required admissions tests at most private schools for students in grades 5-12. While the scores on these tests will likely not, in and of themselves, make or break a candidate’s application, they are an important part of the application portfolio, along with the applicant’s grades, statement, and teachers’ recommendations. Check out this article for  more information about how the SSAT and ISEE are scored. Taking the test doesnt have to be a nightmare, and doesnt require expensive tutoring or prep sessions. Check out these simple ways in which you can best prepare for the ISEE or SSAT and for the work that lies ahead in private middle and high school: Tip #1: Take Timed Practice Tests The best strategy to prepare for test day is to take practice tests- whether you are taking the ISEE or SSAT (the schools you are applying to will let you know which test they prefer)- under timed conditions. By taking these tests, you will know which areas you need to work on, and you will feel more comfortable taking the tests when it counts.  It also can help you get more accustomed to what is expected and the strategies you need to really excel, like how much a wrong answer might affect your score and what you can do about it.  Here is an article with some strategies to prepare for the tests. Tip #2: Read as Much as You Can In addition to broadening your horizons, independent reading of high-quality books is the best preparation not only for the ISEE and SSAT but also for the complicated reading and writing that most college-preparatory private schools demand. Reading builds your understanding of the nuances of difficult texts and your vocabulary. If you are unsure about where to start, begin with the 10 most commonly read books in private high schools. While it’s not necessary to have read this whole list before applying to a private high school, reading a few of these titles will expand your mind and vocabulary and acquaint you with the kind of reading- and thinking- that lie ahead of you. By the way, it’s fine to read contemporary novels, but try to tackle a few of the classics as well. These are books that have withstood the test of time because they have broad appeal and are still relevant to today’s readers. Tip #3: Build Your Vocabulary as You Read The key to building your vocabulary, which will help you on the ISEE and SSAT and with reading, is to look up unfamiliar vocabulary words as you read. Try to use common word roots, such as â€Å"geo† for â€Å"earth† or â€Å"biblio† for â€Å"book† to expand your vocabulary more quickly. If you recognize these roots in words, you will be able to define words you didn’t realize that you knew. Some people suggest taking a quick crash course in Latin to better understand most root words.   Tip #4: Work on Remembering What you Read If you find that you are unable to remember what you read, you may not be reading at the right time. Try to avoid reading when you are tired or distracted. Avoid dimly lit or loud areas when trying to read. Try to pick the right time to read- when your concentration is at a maximum point- and try to mark up your text. Use a post-it note or highlighter to mark key passages, moments in the plot, or characters. Some students will also find it helpful to take notes on what theyve read, so they can go back and refer to key points later on.   Here are more tips about how to improve your recall of what you read. Tip #5: Don’t Save Your Studying until the Last Minute Its important to note that studying shouldnt be a once and done thing when it comes to preparing for your test. Get to know the sections of the test well in advance, and practice. Take online practice tests, write essays regularly, and find out where you need the most help. Waiting until the week before the ISEE or SSAT test date isnt going to give you any sort of benefit when it comes to excelling. Remember, if you wait until the last minute, you won’t be able to discover and improve your weaker areas.   Article edited by  Stacy Jagodowski

Assignment Privacy Issues and Monetizing Twitter Essay

Assignment Privacy Issues and Monetizing Twitter - Essay Example For Twitter, earning income can be done through activities such as promoted tweets and sales of analytic tools and services to advertisers. As Twitter employs a number of its users’ private information such as names, email address, pictures, videos and the like, the founders of Twitter should ensure that whatever step they decide to take to produce income will not result to a violation of their users’ privacy. Four years after it went live in 2006, Twitter began planning to make the site generate income. Valued at US$1 billion and with over four billion tweets from users worldwide (Fraiha 1), founders of Twitter do have a lot to lose if their strategy for earning income will overstep legal boundaries on privacy, not only of the United States but of all countries with Twitter users. Together with Google and Microsoft, Twitter is considering dabbling in data-mining and make use of their large database to earn revenue. Unfortunately, existing issues regarding privacy is making the three companies stop and consider whether the idea is viable or not. 2. There are several stakeholders in this case. First are the billions of users inside and outside the United States. They are what made Twitter become popular and the reason the company is worth billions. If Twitter’s monetizing scheme would violate privacy laws, it is the users’ personal information that is at stake. The second stakeholders would be the companies and individuals that are now enjoying free advertisement via â€Å"tweets† to Twitter users. Since Twitter has a worldwide user base that â€Å"tweet† in real time, pre- and post sales marketing is faster than traditional advertisement. (Fraiha 5) Requiring fees in exchange for posting advertisements would be one way for Twitter to generate income. Moreover, this may help in regulating the â€Å"advertising tweets† and, for users, avoid getting unwanted â€Å"marketing tweets†. Competitors of Twitter

Mock Trial Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mock Trial - Case Study Example When she broke up with her fiance just shortly before meeting my client, she suffered several depression and, by her own account, the breakup was very bad. Now, following her breakup with my client, she is seeking legal recourse - she is using the court as an instrument of revenge. The Crown has quite obviously allowed this perversion of the law and the court and is charging my client with entry into sexual relationships via the "exercise of authority." According to the Crown, consent was vitiated by the imbalance of authority in the relationship. Miss McAdams, on the other hand, has stated the opposite - there was never any undue exercise of authority, the was a balance of power in the relationship and she was never, at any point, overwhelmed by Dr. Matheson's authority. So, who are we to believe A woman with a history of less than reasoned reactions to the breakup of relationships or a successful professional who does not have such a history The affair between Miss Soudoski and Dr. Matheson was consensual; it occurred outside my client's office and lasted for four months. We should not be here today and my client should, most definitely, not be standing trial for the exercise of his civil rights; a right which he exercised within the confines of its legal limitations. Do not allow for this perversion of the law. Chief Examination Dr. Matheson Q1: Dr Matheson, are you aware of the severity of the charges brought against you by the Crown A1: Yes I am. If proven guilty, I could loose my license and, hence, my livelihood. Q2: Did you or did you not engage in an affair with Miss Soudoski A2: Yes I did. Our professional relationship had ended by that time, however. As soon as I realized that our interest in one another was more than professional, I proposed that Miss Soudoski seek treatment elsewhere Q3: Did she A3: No she didn't but, from a professional point of view, she really did not need to. Q4: Are you claiming that she was well, that you had cured her from her depression in a handful of sessions A4: No I am not. I am just saying that her depression was an exaggerated reaction to her fiance's having broken up their engagement and cancelling their wedding. It would take time to pass but she did not need a psychologist for that. As I told her in our first meeting, this was something she had to work out for herself - work out by accepting the reality. Q5: What was her response A5: She insisted that she need professional help to get through this period. Q6: When did the relationship move from the professional to the personal A6: Maybe within a month or six weeks. Miss Soudoski began to take a personal interest in me and began asking me personal questions. What type of women I liked Whether I was single or involved in a relationship Questions of that type. At first I tried to avoid answering but to tell you the truth, I found her quite attractive. Therefore, I suggested that we end our professional relationship. Q7: Who initiated the affair A7: Miss Soudoski did. She invited me to her home for drinks and matters escalated from there. Q8: Did you, at any time, meet with her in your office after that A8: Yes I did - several times in fact. But never in a professional capacity and I always told her that she shouldn't come

Physician Billing research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Physician Billing - Research Paper Example A more specific term comes out of medical billing is the physician billing which has eight potholes: previsit process, patient check-in process, charge capture and entry process, claim process, payment posting process, account follow-up process, denial management process, and patient collections process (Walker, Larch, and Woodcock, 2004). Each pothole must be avoided at all cost to ensure the smoothness and speed of the billing process. Physician Billing In all types of businesses and professional practices, transactions are inevitable and the one giving the service will get to earn from his efforts while satisfying the needs of the clients. Nobody can deny that money is a need to be able to facilitate exchange and to allow anyone to purchase his needs and wants. In the process of transactions, billing is a primary concern. According to Business Dictionary (n.d.), billing is the â€Å"process of generating an invoice to recover sales price from the customer and is also called Invoi cing.† In the process, the business earns revenue wherein profits are made and the expenses of the business for the service are also covered. In other words, invoicing is important that the organization facilitates the process of getting paid after the service or product is delivered to the client which includes having billing accounts. In that way, invoices are matched with the orders, efforts, and transaction records and for tracking the payments (Silverston, 2001). In the medical field, business is inevitable as hospitals and healthcare providers need to earn revenue to cover their operating expenses. For physicians, they need to earn profit from their expertise by assisting people with their physical ailments. For that reason, medical billing comes to life. Medical billing involves coding as the process is made to assist the physicians in processing insurance and medical claims effectively. The process involves handling patient invoices and taking care of reimbursements. T he reimbursement process contains the medical procedures and services rendered by medical doctors. As the processing of the billing becomes a career, a number code system had been created to assist the encoders in inputting the data with ease as numbers represent certain disease or injury. A software assists the medical billing representatives in recording the procedures and let the insurance software interpret the code flawlessly. In that process, reimbursement is quick and physicians get their professional fee promptly. As medical billers do the job, they must understand the technicalities in the medical field like terminology, disease, anatomy and many more. They must be dependable in terms of knowledge, skills, and job habits and must have the knowhow when it comes to technicalities in invoicing (McGarry, 2003, p. 82). For those who plan to become a medical biller or choose medical billing as a career, they need to understand the basics and not just the definition of the work. F or some, medical billing is considered as business since they do the stuff at home and online. They are not employees that need to go to work in hospitals or offices everyday with scheduled fix time. Since technology has been advancing rapidly in the past years, internet becomes a powerful tool to start a business or career without leaving the house. The trend nowadays is the electronic medical billing that requires a personal computer to perform the tasks. It is

Economic Development of FATA Within Pakistan

Economic Development of FATA Within Pakistan Introduction 1. Situated midway along Pakistans border with Afghanistan is a wedge of rugged terrain, dotted with sparsely populated valleys, home to a dozen Pakhtun tribes and hundreds of clans and sub-tribes. This mountainous land, known as the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), is made up of seven political agencies and six smaller zones, called Frontier Regions, which separate the tribal agencies from the rest of the country. On three sides, FATA is bounded by the settled provinces of Pakistan. The Durand Line forms its western border. In the 19th century, the area held great strategic importance, serving as a buffer between the British colonial government of India and Tsarist Russia. Starting with the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the turmoil and instability across the border spilled over into FATA. 2. FATA has remained one of the most insular and isolated corners of the country cut off from the mainstream of Pakistani society. Increasingly impoverished and marginalized, they have become an easy pray to terrorist elements. The overall economic situation of the region has remained below normal level due to governmental policies coupled with overall economic decline in the country due to the after effects of GWOT.In the succeeding paragraph an attempt has been made to analyze economic potentials of FATA with a view to initiate an economic development drive in the region. The aim remains to bring facilities of life to its people eradicating social deprivation. Aim 3. To carry out a detailed analysis of present eco sit of Pakistan, with a view to recommend measures for a sustained economic development process within Pakistans economic capacity to spearhead an economic development process in FATA in specific and Pakistan in general. 4. Sequence. The research paper haws been divided into following major parts:- Part I Pakistan Economic Review Problems of Pakistani Economy Part II FATA Economy Agency wise economic potential Recommendations to improve FATA Economy c. Part-IV Budgetary Allocation Recommendations for Sector Wise and Consolidated Budgetary Allocation Part III Economic Developments Models for Development of FATA Reconstruction Opportunity Zones (ROZs) FATA Sustainable Development Program (SDP) GCC EU Friends of FATA Fund (FFF) Recommended Framework PART I 5. Pakistan Economic Overview. Pakistans economy has been fluctuating throughout its 55 years history. The deplorable state of the economy was the result of many years of economic mismanagement and imprudent economics policies of the successive governments. The tragic events of September 11 and their aftermath further exacerbated the already difficult emerging situation on the global economic scene  [1]  . 6. Problems of Pakistani Economy. Few of the major ones are: Political Instability. In Pakistan governance is characterized by uncertain policies, ineffective implementation, limited accountability to clients, regulatory overhangs, and failure of the legal system to provide timely recourse. Lack of Long Term Planning. Despite the establishment of planning commission in 1953, there has not been any meaningful planning. Futuristic needs/trends have not been catered for by so called planners. Nationalisation versus Privatisation. In the past 60 years the country has oscillated between the two options and even now the privatisation drive is marred by personal interests and lack of transparency. Bad Governance. Usually competent/professional people have not governed the state-controlled industries. This had pronounced effect on overall poor output of these units. Poor Banking System. Our banking system has not supported the growth of economy. Money of innocent people deposited with these banks has been loaned to influential people that now stand defaulted. Large Trade Deficit. In 2009, 80% of our imports were financed by our export earnings. This ratio has come down to only 50%, it may go up to 60% but a gap of 40% of financing needs in order to keep with the import level still exists  [2]  . Fiscal Deficit. Pakistans government takes away 20% of national income as its own. 80% is left in the private sector and 20% in the hands of the government is spent on defence, debt servicing, development on education, health, general administration etc  [3]  . Declining Foreign Trade. In 1990, Pakistans share was 0.2% of the world trade. After 20 years it has come down to 0.12% in a very buoyant world economy  [4]  .Pakistan is stuck with only a few commodities textiles, leather, rice, sports, goods and the surgical goods. Poor Economic Indicators. Pakistans indicators in literacy, infant mortality, in access to water supply, primary enrolment ratios are more comparable to Africa rather than to the countries of similar per capita income. Energy Crisis. Our industry is at a disadvantage that they get the orders from foreign countries but they cannot execute the orders because there are electricity outages and in addition of cost of production becomes higher than international competitors. Law and Order Situation. In 2007, Pakistan was one of the most favourite countries among the international investor community  [5]  .However, in two years time we have missed that boat due to alarming law and order situation in the country. Faulty Taxation System. Indirect taxes account for about 80 % of tax revenues, with nearly half of this coming from trade-related taxes  [6]  . This narrowness of the tax base can be traced to weak tax administration. Smuggling / Black Economy. Independent economic analysts estimate an annual direct revenue loss of 25 billion rupees (US$540 Million) to the government because of smuggling  [7]  . Export / Import Imbalances. This is usually over US$ 3-4 billion per annum. The reason is heavy production cost and our inability to convert raw materials into finished goods  [8]  . Heavy External Debt. With over US$ 32 billion, as external debt, even our future economic development is at stake  [9]  . Population Growth. This over hanging liability is a constant disadvantage to our overall economic growth. The effects of our economic growth are eaten away by the rapid growth of population  [10]  . Unrealistic Economic Policies. The absence of competent economist in planning departments of the government has adversely effected the economic growth. Human Resources Management. Pakistan expenditure on social development sector has remained poor. The talent is going to foreign countries due to mismanagement  [11]  . Exports. The Rapidly growing competition in international markets coupled with improved quality standards has resulted in substantial decrease of share in foreign trade. Poor Literacy Rate. Pakistans primary and secondary school enrollment rates are considerably low. The average adult literacy rate is less than 50%.  [12]  . PART II FATA ECONOMY 7. The rural economy is chiefly pastoral, with agriculture practiced in a few fertile valleys. The local economy operates on an informal basis and is undocumented, since few laws providing for the regulation of economic activity have been extended Most households are engaged in primary-level subsistence agriculture and livestock rearing. Some are involved in business and trading, or find employment in the small-scale commercial and industrial sectors. Those unable to earn a living at home migrate to other parts of the country or travel abroad in search of work. Women take active part in agricultural activities, collect fuel wood and fetch water, in addition to attending to household work and family duties. 8. Agriculture  [13]   Small landholders make up the majority of farmers and engage in agriculture mainly at the subsistence level, characterized by the underutilization of land, poor productivity and risk- adverse behavior. Only 7 per cent of the total geographic area of FATA is cultivated, with another 1 per cent recorded as fallow, accounting for roughly half of all potentially cultivable land. Overall production and per-hectare yields in FATA compare poorly to figures for the country as a whole. The yield per hectare for wheat in FATA is just 38 per cent of the national. 9. Poultry and Livestock  [14]   Livestock and poultry are an essential component of the rural economy, providing income support for most farm households. The size of the herd depends on the households capacity to purchase animal feed in the winter and spring months, when natural fodder is thin on the ground. Some 4.9 million ruminants and 6.7 million birds are being reared across FATA.Fish farming is practised mainly at the household level on wasteland and marginal lands. 10. Commerce and Trade  [15]   Commerce and trade form a major source of livelihood in the tribal areas, second only to agriculture. Historically, and particularly during the 1980s, the region was a major centre for opium production and trafficking. Today, the transit trade with Afghanistan provides employment for the local population. 11. Industry  [16]   Industrial activity is restricted primarily to small, owner-financed units, operating without government oversight Some mineral extraction is taking place in various agencies, using outdated technology and antiquated methods. Many seek employment as short-term unskilled labourers or enlist in the local security and paramilitary forces. Those who are able to travel find work in cities across Pakistan as well as in the Middle East. There is considerable local expertise in the manufacture of weapons but production is not regulated and export to the settled areas is illegal. 12. Forests  [17]   Forests are an integral part of the rural economy, playing a significant role in local livelihoods particularly in the mountainous regions. The forest cover is declining rapidly as a result of timber extraction, prolonged periods of drought, uncontrolled grazing, and pressure from fuel wood and fodder collection. Over-exploitation has also affected the natural regenerative capacity of forests. With forest resources rapidly disappearing, the environmental services provided by natural ecosystems have also diminished. Rangeland and pasture areas are in a depleted state, partly from overgrazing but also because of extended periods of drought. 13. Economic Potential Available. A variety of economic potential exists in the tribal areas depending upon the population, land, geography, and vicinity of the Afghan border. These will be covered as per the existing administrative set up of the areas.The agency wise economic potential is covered in succeeding pqrqraphs  [18]  :- 15. Dir, Swat, Bajur and Chitral Agency. As per the old records the major source of economy has been Agriculture. Where so ever agriculture is possible majority of the population depends upon agriculture, but the produce is not sufficient to sustain the complete population therefore grain and certain other items have to be imported from other parts of the country. The second major source of economy has been cattle farming. It is still common in all the highland country and people involved in this profession spend a nomadic life shifting their abode in search of pastures and with the severity of weather. Mineral to include Iron and Copper are also found in the Khashkar valley of Bajour Agency, these are being mined in certain areas and few villages are totally employed in this profession. Inferior Cotton Carpets and Shawls are also made in these areas through which a number of families are sustaining their livelyhood. Forests have been another major source of income and have contribut ed in the overall revenue generation from the area. Deodar forests of upper Dir valley are a famous source of income to thousands of people. Although these are protected by Forest department yet certain rights have been secured by the local population to sustain their livelihood. 16. Mohmand Agency. The Mohmand country comprises barren hills and a little of fertile alluvial plains between the doab of the rivers. Major produce is Grass, Dwarf Palm, Firewood and charcoal. But this produce is meager enough to sustain the population; therefore reliance of majority of the population is on trade through Khyber Pass from Afghanistan. It has been replaced by smuggling of drugs, weapons and other electronic item of Afghan transit trade which passes through Khyber pass. 17. Khyber Agency. The Khyber Pass is the great northern route from Afghanistan into Pakistan and India, while Kurram and Gomal Passes form intermediate communications. Agriculture has been the major source of sustenance besides trade. A limited cottage industry of gun manufacturing also exists in Bara area of Khyber Agency. Now a days smuggling through Afghan transit trade is the main stay of the economy along with drug trafficking and gun running. Cattle farming as a tradition have always been supporting the tribes in Khyber Agency. The Mullagori marble deposits are one of the largest marble deposits of the world. Other mineral deposits in Khyber Agency include soapstone, limestone, dolomite, ciliate, silica sand, barite, mica, and graphite. Marble deposits are found in Mullagori, Sultan Khel, Ghundai Sarand and Loe Shalman. Soapstone is the second most important mineral of Khyber Agency. The major deposit lies 7 kilometres from Jamrud Bazaar. The mineral production figures for the year 2003-2004 include 7260 tons marble, 1,82,160 tons of lime stone, 1200 tons of soapstone and 110 tons of barite. Khyber Agency has a very low industrial base having only three industrial units of significance including the Bara Ghee Mills and two cigarette factories namely One More Cigarette Factory and Tatara Cigarette factory with a total employment estimated at 525 persons. There are other small silk processing units at Alam Gudar Bara, which is basically a cottage industry. 18. Orakzai Agency. Named on a pathan tribe inhabiting the Northern slopes of the Samana range and the adjoining valleys of Tirah. The major source of income is as per Khyber agency agriculture; however a small industry of gun manufacturing also exists in the area. Poppy cultivation, drug smuggling has gained momentum in these areas over the last two decades. 19. Kurram Agency. The Agency has an area of about 1,278 square miles. Agriculture is the major profession in the area. Wherever water is available the soil is highly productive. Major crops are maize, wheat, rice, barley and clover. Apples, pears, grapes, cherries, pomegranates, peaches, and a fruit peculiar to the Kurrram and Tirah, known as the Shalil also grow in abundance and are one of the huge income earning sources. It is said that famine is unknown in Kurram. The agency is accessible from Kohat by the Khushalgarh Kohat Thal branch of the Railway and road link also exists. Forests of Blue Pine and Chinar contribute to the economy of the agency a great deal. 20. North Waziristan. The agency comprises of four large and fertile valleys. These valleys are irrigated by the Kurram, Tochi and Gomal rivers respectively. The lands of the valley are extremely rich, and grow heavy crops of maize, rice, sugar cane, wheat. Agriculture is the major backbone of the economy however smuggling also brings a lot of cash in the agency. Forests of Mulberry, chinar, willow, gurgura and wild olive are also abundant on the slopes of the mountain which can be exploited to bring huge finances in the area. Fruit orchards of apple, apricot and peaches also contribute to the economy of the agency. Cattle forming is also a major source of livelyhood in Pashtoon tribes of the agency. 21. South Waziristan. The lands which lie close to the numerous streams are well cultivated; their extent is insufficient to produce grain for the whole population. Wheat, barley, rice, maize and millet are the chief crops; these are often cut when green for fodder, springing up again before the harvest. Fruit orchards of apple and peaches are also contributing in the economy of the area. The chief mineral product is iron, which is found and smelted in many places, especially in the hills above Makin. Forests include wild olive, gurgura and dwarf palm trees. Mats and ropes are made of the dwarf palm by the men and the women weave rough cloth from wool and blankets from goats hair. Cattle farming is also very common in many a tribes in the area specially the Ghilzai Powindas. Trade has also been a famous profession in the area due to the link through Gomal Pass. It still continues with an amalgamation of smuggling. In certain areas of the agency poppy cultivation has also been reporte d, which is being controlled now days. Recommendations 13. The following is recommended to fasten the rate of development work in FATA to boast its economy and bring it in line with the settled areas of Pakistan:- Development Plan. The Central Government should allocate funds and provide loans to tribesmen organisations and individuals. The loans should be provided on minimal mark up rates and private and public sectors should be encouraged to assist the tribal organisations to develop viable and resource generating economic ventures of their own  [19]  . Share in National Finance Commission (NFC) Awards. NFC Award is based on the population of each province. In view of governments drive to bring FATA into the national mainstream, it is imperative that it be included in the NFC Awards as a separate entity. Transparent Financial Management. A system of transparent financial management should be evolved with participation of general public. The authority of auditor general should be extended to FATA and proper audit of accounts of all government departments should be carried out. Trade Sector. The international efforts for re-construction in Afghanistan and opening up of trade routes to CARs (Central Asia Republics) offer great economic opportunities for Pakistan with an annual trade which may fetch up to one billion dollars. Creation of environments conducive to trade will greatly help in improvement of economic situation. Following measures will help in this regard:- Opening of Trade Routes. Formal trade routes between Pakistan and Afghanistan should be opened on priority e.g. Ghulam Khan Route between Miranshah and Khost Custom Regulations. Relaxed custom regulations to encourage legalization of informal (smuggling) trade. Tribal Chamber of Commerce. The establishment of a Tribal Chamber of Commerce would enable the tribal traders to have better interaction with the national and international markets. Tribal National Bank. It should provide financial services, counselling and planning ability necessary to free the tribesmen from the isolation of an economic island in which they had been living for centuries. Agriculture Sector  [20]  . Agriculture sector can provide a substantive base for economic development. Following measures are recommended in this regard: Adopt the pocket area approach to focus on the production of specific crops in identified production zones. Improve water management practices by introducing efficient water use technologies, and constructing small dams, ponds and reservoirs. Reclaim cultivable wasteland through dry land agriculture. Introduce the use of bio-pesticides. Irrigation network needs to be developed by construction of small dams, check dams and channels. A land settlement system should be evolved on modern lines. Processing facilities should be provided to ensure proper packing and canning of fresh and dry fruit for international markets. Grafting of wild olive trees with fruit bearing species. Fruit culture and off-season vegetables with free fruit saplings and experts. Model fish farms have also been constructed to encourage locals to adapt to the modern systems of enhancing their income. Forestry Sector  [21]  . Forestry sector needs to be explored for economic improvement in the area. Following steps are recommended to be undertaken:- Launching of a conservation campaign for the forests. Encouraging plantation of new trees by provision of free saplings. Establishment of checks for smuggling of timber to Afghanistan. Modernization of timber industry in the area. Provision of assistance to locals for olive grafting and plantation of oaks and chalghoza pines. Live Stock Sector  [22]  . Following steps are recommended in this regard: Improve access to services, including animal health services. Increase the number of female livestock extension workers. Make feed and fodder widely available. Improve the condition and productivity of rangeland, in collaboration with research institutions and the forest department. Introduce new species of fodder, in collaboration with research institutions, farmers, tribes and herders. Enhance livestock production through breed improvement. Set up marketing facilities for farmers. Improve rural infrastructure and access to markets. Declare pocket areas for dairy production, with linkages to agro industry for marketing and service delivery. Ensure that savings and credit services are available to support micro enterprise and on-farm income generation activities. Enable farmers to improve marketing by providing information. Mobilise local communities, and establish linkages with public- and private-sector services for technical assistance and inputs. Encourage and support the establishment of livestock- and poultry-based industry. Develop a database, carry out resource mapping and set up information system to assist in planning and monitoring. Conduct research into animal nutrition and breed improvement. Raise awareness about the importance of the sector in terms of livelihood security, and lobby for adequate funding. Establishment of new veterinary hospitals and artificial insemination centres. Setting up of government subsidized live stock markets. Provision of incentives in the form of easy loans. Establishment of food processing facilities for canning of meat. Minerals Sector  [23]  . FATA has great potential of mineral resources. In order to increase productivity in the mining sector and improve the quality of the product, following strategies will be adopted:- Legal framework governing mining activities to encompass leasing, dispute resolution mechanisms and regulation. Increase the productivity of mines by adopting modern methods to boost quality and reduce wastage. Introduce new technologies through joint ventures on the basis of public-private partnerships. Maintain a healthy workforce by improving safety; develop emergency evacuation procedures. Improve the quality of human resources through intensive training. Following needs to be done to improve the situation in this sector:- (a) To encourage tribesmen either in joint ventures or lease agreements with public and private sectors. (b) The whole of FATA needs to be brought under geological survey mapping. (c) Special funds should for mineral exploration and development on modern lines. i. Industrial Sector  [24]  . However, there is a great potential available for development of certain industries in the area which should be exploited by public and private sector. These include following:- Construction material including cement. Decorative material including wood and marble products. Defence related industries including manufacture of small arms and ammunition. Public and private sectors should be encouraged to set up small scale industries. The option of establishing clusters or pockets in industrial parks will be explored. To set up training centres within functioning industrial units, for marble processing, mining, light engineering or footwear manufacture. Organise local craftsmen into trade guilds for promoting best practice, standardisation and quality control. Set up a regulatory authority for formulating investment-friendly policies through dialogue with stakeholders. Strengthen infrastructure in the region, including roads, electricity and water supply. Hold a regular dialogue with local tribes to promote investment. Short-term mining courses can be arranged by the mining department at the Peshawar University of Engineering and Technology. j. Tourism Sector  [25]  . Recommendations in this regard are as follows: Develop tourist facilities and services at selected locations. Facilitate private-sector involvement in the sector. Promote areas that already witness some degree of tourist activity. Encourage and facilitate inter-agency exchange visits and tours. Carry out research on the cultural and natural heritage of the area, and make this information widely available. k. Infrastructure Development. Following measures are recommended in this regard:- Rehabilitate roads for better connectivity to strategic locations. Construct new roads in remote or underdeveloped areas to generate economic opportunities and improve security. Build new bridges and rehabilitate damaged bridges. l. Good Governance. Good governance is a key prerequisite for achieving the goals set out in the economic development of FATA. Governance system is participatory, supported by a robust legal framework with active public consultations. m. Law and Order. Another basic requirement for socio-economic development is human security. This is of course a critical issue for the people but security is equally important to service providers and government officials who travel to and work in the area. In this regard following is recommended  [26]  : Reinforcement of the Frontier Corps with more manpower, modern equipment, mobility, intelligence, higher salaries and training in counterinsurgency. Properly trained, better equipped and reformed FATA police and Khasadar Force. Fencing of Pak-Afghan border with monitoring sensors Afghanistan and selected crossing places. Phase wise handing over of areas to FC and local Law Enforcement Agencies. n. Conflict Resolution. The people of FATA have long been accustomed to use of violent means for settling of conflict between the members of different tribes and clans. Although an indigenous mechanism for conflict resolution already exists in the form of the jirga, there is perhaps a need to find ways to prevent conflict from occurring in the first place. In this connection, it is worth exploring the possibility of a set of rules and regulations, arrived at by mutual consensus, to serve as a basic charter or code of conduct for peaceful coexistence. o. Private Sector Participation. The private sector has to play a crucial role in achieving the targets of economic development in FATA. The government must improve the framework conditions for the development of the private sector, and encourage public-private partnerships. Budgetary Allocation 14. Each year, the federal government sets aside a block allocation, known as the Annual Development Programme (ADP), intended exclusively for development expenditure. This allocation, disbursed according to province, region, sector or project, is part of the federally funded Pubic Sector Development Programme (PSDP).FATA receives an annual share of ADP funding. In addition to the ADP, the PSDP provides separate funds for programmes and projects in various agencies and FRs, and contributes to donor-assisted initiatives 15. Sector-specific allocations from the ADP are made at the Civil Secretariat FATA, based on priorities and needs. Although the development budget is not intended to finance salaries or recurrent liabilities, in practice this is often the case. Insufficient allocations for repairs and maintenance, meanwhile, mean that some of these costs are also met through the development budget  [27]  . Sector Wise and Consolidated Budgetary Allocation. 16. Details are attached as Annexure A. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MODELS FOR FATA 17. ROZ (Reconstruction Opportunity Zones) Model  [28]  . ROZs would be a specific type of export processing zone, and thus part of a world-wide network of free trade zones

othello :: essays research papers

Othello   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this speech, Othello lets his mind take over all his self control. A usual cool tempered person Othello is inflicted with rage about the possibility of his wife sleeping with his lieutenant, Cassio. Iago has the ability to cloud the head of Othello with lies about the Desdemona and Cassio causing suffering and tragedy. A tragedy is a serious action or event that always turns out the worst way possible. Iago has setup Othello just enough for Othello to create his own disaster.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The literary devises that William Shakespeare uses in this play help us understand the many themes and symbols in the play. Alliteration is the repetition of the same starting letter to help the line have a smooth sound and good flow. In this play, it isn’t as used as much as some of the recent plays that we have read, but it can still be found. All the minor fights between Desdemona and Othello start a pattern that foreshadows the tragic ending of this story. â€Å"Tis destiny unshunnable, like death† (275). Foreshadowing are sometimes symbols or signs that usually predict events or overcomes in the story. The most prominent symbol is this play includes the image of the handkerchief. The handkerchief shows the love of Othello for Desdemona. Since she dropped and lost the handkerchief she no longer can understand the pain that Othello is enduring. The stress that Othello goes through because of the handkerchief tells of the faith and commitment of De sdemona. These literary devices help us interpret the play as it is meant to be understood.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Several lines in this speech suggest that Othello starts to blame himself. One in which is â€Å"Haply, for I am black/ And have not those soft parts of conversation/ That chamberers have, or for I am declined/ Into the vale of years† (263 – 266). He thinks because he is of a different color that his wife is no longer in love with him. This bring into the subject of interracial marriage. To this day many oppose the marriage of blacks and whites. Not knowing what to think at this point in the play, Othello conjure ups the idea that the being blacks has caused his wife, Desdemona, to cheat on him with a younger, fit soldier. Not knowing that this is false he asks his wife many times if this is true.

Ethics and Social Responsibility Essay

Ethical issues are constantly around us be it in school or at work. These issues represent one of the most fundamental aspects in the working environment in relationships or interactions between different stakeholders. The relationships between employers and employees or clients are a vital factor which drives the company’s objectives and goals. An organization’s social responsibility to the surrounding community is also, a vital factor through creating a favorable climate, for the smooth running of the company within the society. Social responsibility recognizes the values and traditions encompassed by the community. Moreover, ethical issues may surround an institution in its daily operations, and consequently require professional consultation, regarding options which are appropriate in tackling a specific issue, on the basis of ethics and professional standards. Introduction Business ethics and social responsibility are found in many of the organizations that are adopted, by the management which enable the company or firm, to conduct its business operations upholding the welfare and wellbeing of its employees and the clients it serves. By embracing ethics, codes of conduct and social responsibility in the businesses processes, an organization becomes transparent to its stakeholders and shareholders, thereby creating an image of competence and accountability in the actions it undertakes. Moreover, there has been an increase in the competitive nature of business in the modern society, where various and diverse businesses have flooded the market. This competitive environment requires businesses, to redefine their objectives and goals in respect to ethics and corporate responsibility, in order to have a competitive advantage over rivals. Many organizations have failed in business ventures because of not embracing appropriate ethical behaviors, towards employees, clients and the society. Ethics are primarily dictated by individual or corporate beliefs encompassing social concepts in the day to day running of an organization. In addition, ethical issues vary among businesses, individuals, cultures or in particular circumstances. The aim of this study is analyze the importance of ethics and social responsibility, in business operations with companies such as the Wal-Mart Store, and how ethical issues are handled so as to remain competitive in their market segment. Ethics and Social Responsibility Business ethics are vital to the operation processes in a company in relation to both internal and external factors, which influence the success of the business. A cohesive interaction between customers and a business is vital, for the optimal performance of the company. This would comprise of customer satisfaction, employee motivation and positive business attitudes that would enable a company to successfully deliver its services or products. Formulation of code of conducts and ethics enable an organization to run its business operations, without overlooking the needs of stakeholders (Lisa, 2005 p. 24). Employees in any given business or industry, play a major role in working towards the accomplishment of goals and objectives set by the organization’s management. The relationship between management at all levels with the employees, influences the overall output of the organization, and consequently affecting its relations with customers and performance in the competitive market environment. Ethics and codes of conduct can be defined as principles or standards set by the organization’s management, which illustrate the expected behavior of employees and the management while conducting business, on behalf of the company. They also encompass the beliefs of the organization influenced by their goals and objectives. These conducts may entail principles such as treating customers as a priority, by serving them with a positive attitude while upholding integrity, respecting other employees, striving for excellence, and optimum service to customers. Customer satisfaction is put as the key in the overall corporate responsibility for the optimal performance of the business (Velasqez, 2005 p. 35). A company can also create a code of ethics, where both the management and the employees should follow the set guidelines, while deviation would call for actions against the individual. They help employees to recognize situations where certain actions are deemed as a violation to the company’s ethics. In addition, business ethics influences the organizational culture of a company, where employees undertake behaviors that foster the success and growth of the company. However, even with set code of conducts, ethical behaviors and social responsibility of an organization, the bottom line dictates that trusting in an individual’s good judgment of what is wrong or right, will affect the image and performance of the organization. Therefore, management and employees’ behaviors, culture and attitudes are crucial as they depict the ethics of the company which would ultimately, influence the perception and attitude of clients towards the organization. Effective organizational ethics entail that, firms lead with integrity at the workplace, marketplace and in the community. Social responsibility encompasses business ethics and company practices that govern how, the company runs and its role to the community. Corporate social responsibility has become a key initiative a crucial tool for growth in a company or industry. Multinational corporations and successful businesses have adopted this powerful tool in various countries across the globe. With rapid globalization and advancement in technology, organizational ethics and social responsibility must be flexible to encompass new aspects, to the changing customer needs while still maintaining integrity and accountability, in the competitive market environment (Hartley, 2004 p. 55). Social responsibility definition varies across businesses and groups, depending on the perception towards their situations or circumstances, but generally social responsibility illustrates the role of companies to conduct their business operations, in a way that promotes human welfare and respects individuals’ rights, whether at the work environment or within the society. Additionally, the two concepts of social responsibility and ethics work hand in hand in order to provide, benefits for all stakeholders. Moreover, difficulties or challenges that impede successful implementation of social responsibility or business ethics, by an organization should be mitigated before effective changes can be realized. The Wal-Mart Company Wal-Mart has grown to be one of the largest retailers in the world, when it started out as a single discount store more than five decades ago. It has dominated the retailing business with its numerous stores and clubs that are associated with the organization. Moreover, even through the transformations over the years, Wal-Mart has been able to uphold its integrity and culture of ethics constantly (Entine, 2008 p. 22). Ethics and social responsibility as put by the Wal-Mart’s management, has been able to define the company from its inception, and consequently influences how the organization associates with its employees, customers, suppliers and the general community. Wal-Mart has been using statement of ethics in their entire business processes, which define the types of conduct and attitudes that it upholds for its stakeholders. The business conducts create an atmosphere of fairness, honesty and the aspect of legality in the work environment. Codes of conducts influence the overall organizational culture to adopt behaviors and working processes that enhance the performance output of an organization. Wal-Mart being in the service industry, customer relations has been its priority without overlooking the interests of employees, shareholders and the surrounding community needs. The retailing business has been striving to make considerable changes, through reviewing its business process in order to attain sustainability and commitment towards an ethical and social responsible culture (Nicholas, 2009). This been attributed to the rapid changing external environment in ethics and business operations, constantly requiring organizations to redefine their ethical standards and principles, that put to test their sense of responsibility, integrity, fairness and honesty. Consequently, ethics at the workplace become a vital factor that influences the overall performance of the company, coupled by responsibility and accountability. The level of ethical issues has grown in significance over the years, where unethical behaviors such as those observed in the Enron Company, resulting to loss of jobs and consumer confidence. This is detrimental to any organization as it losses its market credibility, leading to its downfall. Moreover, stakeholders in an organization who include customers, shareholders and employees are always being observant of internal decisions made, and how they impact on them. In addition, governmental agencies are constantly becoming involved and monitoring ethical issues in various organizations, with pressure directed for enactment of laws from citizens and shareholders that protect them, which may follow unethical practices in an organization. Social responsibility at Wal-Mart has enabled it to realize significant savings, amid criticisms of not being accountable towards its employees. The company adopted a program, scorecard, to enable it review how products are manufactured, merchandised and the availability of recyclability in its goal towards green sustainability. In such cases, the company has been able to cut costs in operation and conserving energy, but it is yet to reach total sustainability and social responsibility in its operations. Observers have appreciated the organization’s intentions, but the company has many challenges to overcome, to become a business entity that is fully environmental sustainable, coupled with the influence it has had upon suppliers, consumers and employees. The success of the giant retailing store has not been smooth sailing, as it has rubbed many of its employees and clients in the wrong way. Wal-Mart has been at the center of criticism, regarding its unethical business behaviors at one time or another. Some of the policies adopted by the retailing business have, had a negative impact and image in the corporate scene (Zimmerman, 2005). Example, their strategy of outsourcing for manufacturers have led to loss of jobs in United States. In addition, the organization’s policy towards suppliers based on Wal-Mart’s prices, puts pressure the suppliers that results to closures of plants in the US and job layoffs. These aspects have consequently raised the question, whether the organization is an ethical company in the society. Wal-Mart’s problems can be attributed to the focus of management, towards the company’s growth and therefore neglecting important issues as brand image, social responsibility, and ethics in business operations. Additionally, communities in the US have been debating whether to allow the Wal-Mart retailing business, to operate in their towns or cities. This comes amidst the perception of the organization and how its influences the community, customers and employees through its business operations. Protests from these communities culminate from the fact that, Wal-Mart buys its goods from Third World countries that it deems cheaper, instead from American suppliers causing those businesses to close down. Issues stem from sustainability and ethics adopted by the retailing giant, which are perceived by the communities to be wrong. More so, the company has had its fair share of bad business practices observed in discriminatory promotion and hiring, and forced overtime among other issues. A recent incident where an announcement that was made in a New Jersey Wal-Mart store, that all black people should leave the shopping store over the public-address system, rubbed the shoppers with a negative perspective infuriating most who were shopping at the time. Some of the workers threatened to quit until the matter was resolved, which caught them by total surprise. The management to its defense, stating they were doing everything to determine the person responsible, but the damage had already been done. Moral evaluations from the communities and critics have put the organization into the limelight, for its unethical business practices. However, Wal-Mart has positive attributes towards the community, by being a retailer that focuses on price as their business model (Cris, 2006). Consumers are sensitive to price and Wal-Mart ensures that it caters to all levels of consumers. The organization has also been good at delivering products, which are decent at varying prices. Conclusion Wal-Mart has a potential future, but it has to address some of their business ethics, corporate citizenship, and corporate social responsibility in order to stay ahead of its major competitors, compounded by the intense public scrutiny of the organization’s business practices. Moreover, it has all the components and ingredients in resources both organizational and financial that will propel it to success. There is no doubt concerning the potential rewards and risks that are attached, to a company’s ethical considerations in the context of business practices and operations. Integrity, accountability and responsibility do matter to stakeholders in a company, encompassing the society on the conducts and decisions made by such a company. Organizations need to strive towards the balance of sustainability and corporate decision making, which affects them in the short and long term consequences. References 1. Cris, M. (2006). The Business Ethics: Saying Nice Things About Wal-Mart. The business ethics blog. 2. Entine, J. (2008). Wal-Mart: Ethical Retailing. The question of Wal-Mart’s Social Responsibility. 22-24. 3. Hartley, R. (2004). Business ethics: Mistakes and successes. John Wiley & Sons. 54-65. 4. Lisa, R. (2005). Corporate responsibility and public relations. Ethical Corporation. 24. 5. Nicholas, S. (2009). Wal-Mart lawyer shares experiences and perspectives. Law Weekly. Georgetown University Law Center. 6. Velasqez, M. (2005). Business ethics, a teaching and learning classroom edition: Concepts and cases. Prentice Hall. 35-36. 7. Zimmerman, A. & Bandler, J. (2005). Federal officials asked to probe Wal-Mart firing. Wall Street Journal.

The Five Main Types of Adverbs in English

The Five Main Types of Adverbs in English Adverbs are one of the  eight parts of speech  and  are used to modify verbs. They can describe how, when, where, and how often something is done. Here is a guide to the five types of adverbs. Adverbs of Manner Adverbs of manner provide information on how someone does something. Adverbs of manner are most often used with action verbs. Adverbs of manner include:  slowly, fast, carefully, carelessly, effortlessly, urgently, etc.  Adverbs of manner can be placed at the end of sentences or directly before or after the verb.   Examples Jack drives very carefully.He won the tennis match effortlessly.She slowly opened the present.   Adverbs of Time and Frequency Adverbs of time provide information on when something happens. Adverbs of time can express a specific time such as  in two days, yesterday, three weeks ago, etc.  Adverbs of time are usually placed at the end of sentences, though they sometimes begin a sentence. Examples Well let you know our decision next week.I flew to Dallas three weeks ago.Yesterday, I received a letter from my friend in Belfast. Adverbs of frequency are similar to adverbs of time except that they express how often something happens. Adverbs of frequency are placed before the main verb. They are placed after the verb be.  Here is a list of the most common adverbs of frequency beginning with the most often to the least often: alwaysalmost alwaysusuallyoftensometimesoccasionallyseldom  rarelyalmost nevernever Examples He seldom takes a vacation.Jennifer occasionally goes to the movies.Tom is never late for work.   Adverbs of Degree Adverbs of degree provide information concerning how much of something is done. These adverbs are often placed at the end of a sentence. Examples They like playing golf a lot.She decided that she doesnt enjoy watching TV at all.  She nearly flew to Boston, but decided not to go in the end.   Adverbs of Place Adverbs of place tell us where something happened. They include works such as  nowhere, anywhere, outside, everywhere, etc.   Examples Tom will go anywhere with his dog.Youll find that there is nowhere like home.She found the box outside.   Formation Adverbs are usually formed by adding -ly to an adjective. quiet - quietly, careful - carefully, careless - carelessly Adjectives ending in -le change to -ly. possible - possibly, probable - probably, incredible - incredibly Adjectives ending in -y change to -ily. lucky - luckily, happy - happily, angry - angrily Adjectives ending in -ic change to -ically. basic - basically, ironic - ironically, scientific - scientifically Some adjectives are irregular. good - well, hard - hard, fast -fast Sentence Placement Adverbs of Manner: Adverbs of manner are placed after the verb or entire expression (at the end of the sentence). Their teacher speaks quickly. Adverbs of Time: Adverbs of time are placed after the verb or entire expression (at the end of the sentence). She visited her friends last year. Adverbs of Frequency: Adverbs of frequency are placed before the main verb (not the auxiliary verb). He often goes to bed late. Do you sometimes get up early? Adverbs of Degree: Adverbs of degree are placed after the verb or entire expression (at the end of the sentence). Shell attend the meeting as well. Adverbs of place: Adverbs of place are generally placed at the end of a sentence. She walked out of the room to nowhere.   Important Exceptions Some adverbs are placed at the beginning of a sentence to provide more emphasis. Now you tell me you cant come! Adverbs of frequency are placed after the verb to be when used as the main verb of the sentence. Jack is often late for work. Some adverbs of frequency (sometimes, usually, normally) are also placed at the beginning of the sentence for emphasis. Sometimes I visit my friends in London.